Política de Monitoreo de Eventos de Seguridad
Directrices para la supervisión de eventos en los sistemas.
Quieres aprender más?
Descarga el Kit de Ciberseguridad.
📋 Información General
Documento: Política de Monitoreo de Eventos de Seguridad
Código: ADR-POL-004
Versión: 1.0.0
Fecha: Enero 2025
Clasificación: Confidencial
Audiencia: Equipos SOC, Security Team, Infrastructure, Development y Compliance de DivisionCero
🎯 Propósito
Establecer un marco integral para la supervisión continua, detección, análisis y respuesta a eventos de seguridad en todos los sistemas y servicios de DivisionCero, garantizando la identificación oportuna de amenazas, anomalías y incidentes de seguridad para proteger los activos críticos de la organización.
🏢 Alcance
Esta política aplica a:
- Todos los Sistemas: Servidores, aplicaciones, bases de datos, dispositivos de red
- Infraestructura Cloud: AWS, Azure, GCP y servicios multi-cloud
- Endpoints: Workstations, laptops, dispositivos móviles, IoT devices
- Servicios de Terceros: SaaS applications, cloud services, managed services
- Redes: Internal networks, external connections, VPN, WiFi
- Aplicaciones: Custom applications, COTS software, web applications
- Datos en Tránsito y Reposo: All data flows y storage systems
📚 Definiciones
- Evento de Seguridad: Ocurrencia identificable en un sistema o red que puede tener relevancia para la seguridad
- Incidente de Seguridad: Evento confirmado que compromete la seguridad de la información
- SIEM: Security Information and Event Management - sistema centralizado de gestión de eventos
- SOC: Security Operations Center - centro de operaciones de seguridad
- IoC: Indicators of Compromise - indicadores de compromiso
- UEBA: User and Entity Behavior Analytics - análisis de comportamiento de usuarios y entidades
- Threat Hunting: Búsqueda proactiva de amenazas avanzadas
🛡️ Arquitectura de Monitoreo
📊 Stack de Monitoreo de Seguridad
graph TB
A[Data Sources] --> B[Collection Layer]
B --> C[SIEM Platform]
C --> D[Analytics Engine]
D --> E[Detection Rules]
E --> F{Alert Classification}
F --> G[SOC Dashboard]
F --> H[Automated Response]
F --> I[Incident Response]
subgraph "Data Sources"
J[Network Devices]
K[Servers & Applications]
L[Cloud Services]
M[Endpoints]
N[Security Tools]
end
subgraph "Analytics"
O[Rule-based Detection]
P[ML/AI Analytics]
Q[Threat Intelligence]
R[Behavioral Analysis]
end
A --> J
A --> K
A --> L
A --> M
A --> N
D --> O
D --> P
D --> Q
D --> R
🔧 Componentes Principales
SIEM Platform (Core)
- Splunk Enterprise Security: SIEM platform principal
- Microsoft Sentinel: Cloud-native SIEM para Azure workloads
- IBM QRadar: Complementary SIEM para advanced analytics
- Elastic Security: Open source SIEM y search capabilities
Data Collection & Processing
Data_Collection_Layer:
log_collectors:
- splunk_universal_forwarders: "Agent-based collection"
- beats_family: "Filebeat, Metricbeat, Packetbeat"
- fluentd: "Unified logging layer"
- aws_cloudtrail: "AWS API call logging"
network_monitoring:
- zeek: "Network traffic analysis"
- suricata: "Network IDS/IPS"
- ntopng: "Network traffic monitoring"
- wireshark: "Packet analysis tool"
endpoint_monitoring:
- crowdstrike_falcon: "EDR platform"
- microsoft_defender: "Windows endpoint protection"
- osquery: "Cross-platform endpoint monitoring"
- carbon_black: "Endpoint detection and response"
Analytics y Detection Engines
- Machine Learning: Unsupervised learning para anomaly detection
- Threat Intelligence: Integration con commercial y open source feeds
- User Behavior Analytics: Behavioral analysis para insider threats
- Network Traffic Analysis: Deep packet inspection y traffic analysis
🔍 Fuentes de Datos
📡 Categorización de Fuentes de Datos
Network Infrastructure
Network_Data_Sources:
firewalls:
- checkpoint_logs: "Firewall allow/deny decisions"
- palo_alto_logs: "Application-aware firewall logs"
- fortinet_logs: "UTM security events"
- aws_waf_logs: "Web application firewall events"
network_devices:
- switch_logs: "Port security and VLAN events"
- router_logs: "Routing and access control events"
- wireless_logs: "WiFi association and authentication"
- load_balancer_logs: "Traffic distribution and health checks"
network_monitoring:
- flow_data: "NetFlow/sFlow traffic patterns"
- dns_logs: "DNS query and response logging"
- dhcp_logs: "IP address assignment tracking"
- vpn_logs: "Remote access connection events"
Server y Application Infrastructure
- Operating System Logs: Windows Event Logs, Syslog, system calls
- Application Logs: Custom application events, error logs, access logs
- Database Logs: SQL queries, login attempts, data access patterns
- Web Server Logs: Apache/Nginx access y error logs, HTTP transactions
- Authentication Systems: Active Directory, LDAP, SSO authentication events
Cloud Platform Integration
Cloud_Security_Monitoring:
aws_integration:
- cloudtrail: "API call auditing and compliance"
- guardduty: "Threat detection service"
- config: "Configuration compliance monitoring"
- vpc_flow_logs: "Network traffic within VPC"
azure_integration:
- azure_monitor: "Platform metrics and logs"
- azure_sentinel: "Cloud-native SIEM"
- azure_security_center: "Security posture management"
- azure_ad_logs: "Identity and access events"
gcp_integration:
- cloud_logging: "Centralized logging service"
- cloud_security_scanner: "Web application vulnerability scanning"
- cloud_asset_inventory: "Asset discovery and monitoring"
Endpoint y User Activity
- Endpoint Detection: Process execution, file changes, network connections
- User Activity: Login events, privilege escalation, data access
- Email Security: Email gateway logs, phishing attempts, malware detection
- Browser Activity: Web proxy logs, URL filtering, download tracking
🚨 Detection y Alerting
🔍 Detection Methodologies
Signature-based Detection
Signature_Detection:
known_malware:
- hash_matching: "MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256 file hashes"
- yara_rules: "Pattern matching for malware families"
- ioc_matching: "Known indicators of compromise"
attack_patterns:
- snort_rules: "Network intrusion signatures"
- sigma_rules: "Generic signature format for SIEM"
- mitre_attack_mapping: "TTPs from MITRE ATT&CK framework"
Anomaly-based Detection
- Statistical Analysis: Baseline behavior y statistical deviations
- Machine Learning: Unsupervised learning para unknown threats
- Time Series Analysis: Temporal patterns y seasonal variations
- Peer Group Analysis: Comparison con similar entities
Behavioral Analysis
Behavioral_Analytics:
user_behavior:
- authentication_patterns: "Login times, locations, methods"
- data_access_patterns: "File access, database queries"
- privilege_usage: "Administrative actions, role changes"
- communication_patterns: "Email, messaging, collaboration"
entity_behavior:
- network_communication: "Unusual network connections"
- system_resource_usage: "CPU, memory, disk patterns"
- application_usage: "Software execution patterns"
- data_movement: "Large or unusual data transfers"
🎯 Alert Classification
Severity Levels
Level | Criteria | Response Time | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
Critical | Confirmed breach or active attack | ≤ 15 minutes | Active malware, data exfiltration |
High | High probability of security incident | ≤ 1 hour | Multiple failed logins, privilege escalation |
Medium | Potential security concern | ≤ 4 hours | Policy violations, configuration changes |
Low | Informational or minor concern | ≤ 24 hours | Audit events, routine activities |
Alert Enrichment Process
flowchart TD
A[Raw Alert] --> B[Context Enrichment]
B --> C[Threat Intelligence]
C --> D[Asset Context]
D --> E[User Context]
E --> F[Historical Analysis]
F --> G{Risk Score Calculation}
G --> H[Priority Assignment]
H --> I[SOC Dashboard]
H --> J[Automated Response]
H --> K[Manual Investigation]
📊 Use Cases de Detección
Authentication y Access Control
- Failed Login Attempts: Multiple failed authentication attempts
- Privileged Account Usage: Administrative account activities
- After-Hours Access: Access outside normal business hours
- Geographic Anomalies: Access from unusual locations
- Account Lockouts: Excessive account lockout events
Network Security
- Lateral Movement: Unusual internal network traffic patterns
- Data Exfiltration: Large outbound data transfers
- Command and Control: C2 communication patterns
- Port Scanning: Network reconnaissance activities
- DNS Anomalies: Suspicious DNS queries y resolutions
Malware y Threats
- Malware Execution: Known malicious file execution
- Suspicious Process Behavior: Unusual process activities
- File System Changes: Unauthorized file modifications
- Registry Changes: Windows registry modifications
- Persistence Mechanisms: Attempts to maintain access
👥 Roles y Responsabilidades
🏢 Security Operations Center (SOC)
SOC Analyst Level 1
- Responsibilities:
- Monitor security dashboards 24/7
- Perform initial triage de security alerts
- Document initial findings y observations
- Escalate confirmed incidents to Level 2
- Shift Coverage: 24/7/365 coverage con handoff procedures
- Training Requirements: Security+ certification, SOC analyst training
SOC Analyst Level 2
- Responsibilities:
- Investigate escalated security alerts
- Perform detailed analysis y correlation
- Coordinate con incident response team
- Develop y tune detection rules
- Expertise Areas: Malware analysis, forensics, threat hunting
- Escalation Authority: Can escalate to Level 3 o incident response
SOC Manager
- Responsibilities:
- Oversee daily SOC operations
- Manage analyst workload y shift schedules
- Report security metrics to CISO
- Coordinate con other security teams
- Strategic Focus: SOC process improvement, team development
🔧 Technical Support Roles
Security Engineer
- SIEM Administration: Platform maintenance, rule development, integration
- Tool Integration: Connect new data sources, API integrations
- Performance Optimization: Query optimization, resource management
- Automation Development: SOAR playbook development
Threat Intelligence Analyst
- Intelligence Collection: Gather threat intelligence de multiple sources
- IOC Development: Create y maintain indicators of compromise
- Threat Landscape Analysis: Analysis de current threat trends
- Strategic Reporting: Executive threat briefings
🎯 Governance y Oversight
Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
- Define security monitoring strategy y priorities
- Approve security monitoring policies y procedures
- Review security metrics y performance reports
- Coordinate con executive team sobre security posture
Security Architect
- Design overall security monitoring architecture
- Define integration requirements con existing systems
- Establish security monitoring standards y baselines
- Evaluate new security monitoring technologies
📊 Métricas y Reporting
🎯 Key Performance Indicators
Operational Metrics
- Alert Volume: Number of alerts generated per day/week/month
- Mean Time to Detection (MTTD): Average time to detect security incidents
- Mean Time to Response (MTTR): Average time to respond to confirmed incidents
- False Positive Rate: Percentage of alerts that are false positives
- Coverage Metrics: Percentage of assets covered by monitoring
Quality Metrics
Quality_Metrics:
detection_effectiveness:
- true_positive_rate: "Percentage of actual threats detected"
- alert_accuracy: "Percentage of actionable alerts"
- escalation_accuracy: "Percentage of properly escalated incidents"
response_quality:
- incident_containment_time: "Time to contain security incidents"
- investigation_completeness: "Thoroughness of security investigations"
- documentation_quality: "Quality of incident documentation"
Business Impact Metrics
- Security Incident Cost: Financial impact of security incidents
- Compliance Metrics: Adherence to regulatory monitoring requirements
- Risk Reduction: Quantified risk reduction through monitoring
- Business Continuity: Uptime y availability metrics
📈 Dashboard y Visualization
Real-time SOC Dashboard
pie title Alert Distribution by Severity (Last 24 Hours)
"Critical" : 3
"High" : 12
"Medium" : 45
"Low" : 140
Executive Security Dashboard
- Security Posture Overview: High-level security status
- Threat Landscape: Current threats targeting organization
- Incident Trends: Historical incident patterns y trends
- Compliance Status: Regulatory compliance monitoring status
📋 Reporting Structure
Daily Reports
- SOC shift report con key events y activities
- Critical alert summary para management review
- System performance y availability metrics
- Threat intelligence updates y advisories
Weekly Reports
- Security incident summary y trend analysis
- Alert tuning y false positive reduction efforts
- New detection rule deployment y effectiveness
- Training y professional development updates
Monthly Reports
- Comprehensive security posture assessment
- ROI analysis de security monitoring investments
- Compliance reporting para regulatory requirements
- Strategic recommendations para program improvement
🔧 Herramientas y Tecnologías
🛠️ SIEM y Analytics Platform
Primary SIEM Stack
SIEM_Architecture:
core_platform:
- splunk_enterprise_security: "Primary SIEM platform"
- data_ingestion_rate: "10TB per day capacity"
- retention_period: "Hot data: 90 days, Warm data: 1 year, Cold data: 7 years"
- high_availability: "Active-active cluster configuration"
cloud_siem:
- microsoft_sentinel: "Azure-native SIEM"
- aws_security_hub: "AWS security findings aggregation"
- google_security_command_center: "GCP security insights"
specialized_analytics:
- ueba_platform: "Exabeam for user behavior analytics"
- network_traffic_analysis: "Darktrace for AI-powered detection"
- threat_intelligence: "Recorded Future, Mandiant Threat Intelligence"
Integration Framework
- API Integrations: REST APIs para custom integrations
- Standard Protocols: Syslog, SNMP, WMI, HTTP/HTTPS
- Cloud Connectors: Native cloud service integrations
- Database Connections: Direct database query capabilities
📡 Data Collection Infrastructure
Log Management
- Centralized Logging: Rsyslog, Fluentd, Logstash infrastructure
- Log Parsing: Structured y unstructured log parsing
- Data Normalization: Common information model implementation
- Compression y Archival: Efficient storage y retrieval
Network Monitoring
Network_Monitoring_Stack:
traffic_analysis:
- zeek_sensors: "Network traffic analysis at key network points"
- suricata_ids: "Intrusion detection system deployment"
- ntopng_monitoring: "Real-time network traffic monitoring"
packet_capture:
- full_packet_capture: "Strategic packet capture points"
- forensic_analysis: "Packet analysis capabilities for investigations"
- bandwidth_management: "Intelligent capture y storage optimization"
🤖 Automation y Orchestration
SOAR Platform Integration
- Phantom/Splunk SOAR: Primary security orchestration platform
- Automated Playbooks: Incident response automation
- Case Management: Integrated case tracking y management
- Reporting Automation: Automated report generation y distribution
Machine Learning y AI
- Anomaly Detection: Unsupervised learning models
- Predictive Analytics: Threat prediction y forecasting
- Natural Language Processing: Automated analysis de unstructured data
- Computer Vision: Analysis de security-related images y videos
🏆 Mejores Prácticas
🔒 Monitoring Excellence
Data Quality Management
- Data Validation: Ensure completeness y accuracy de log data
- Timestamp Synchronization: Consistent time synchronization across all sources
- Data Retention: Appropriate retention periods for compliance y forensics
- Data Privacy: Protect sensitive information in logs
Detection Rule Management
- Rule Lifecycle Management: Development, testing, deployment, tuning
- False Positive Reduction: Continuous tuning to reduce noise
- Threat Intelligence Integration: Keep detection rules updated con latest threats
- Performance Optimization: Optimize rules para system performance
📚 Operational Excellence
SOC Operations
- Shift Management: Effective shift handoffs y communication
- Skill Development: Continuous training y certification programs
- Knowledge Management: Centralized knowledge base y documentation
- Quality Assurance: Regular quality reviews y improvements
Incident Response Integration
- Seamless Handoff: Smooth transition from monitoring to incident response
- Evidence Preservation: Maintain chain of custody para forensic evidence
- Communication Protocols: Clear communication during incidents
- Lessons Learned: Incorporate lessons learned into monitoring improvements
🤖 Technology Excellence
Platform Optimization
- Performance Tuning: Regular performance optimization y capacity planning
- Scalability Planning: Plan for growth in data volume y complexity
- High Availability: Ensure monitoring platform availability y resilience
- Disaster Recovery: Backup y recovery procedures para monitoring infrastructure
Innovation y Evolution
- Emerging Technologies: Evaluate y adopt new security monitoring technologies
- Cloud Security: Adapt monitoring para cloud y hybrid environments
- IoT Security: Extend monitoring to IoT y edge devices
- Zero Trust: Implement monitoring para zero trust architecture
📋 Compliance y Auditoría
🔍 Regulatory Requirements
Compliance Frameworks
Compliance_Requirements:
gdpr_compliance:
- personal_data_monitoring: "Monitor access to personal data"
- breach_detection: "Detect potential data breaches within 72 hours"
- audit_logging: "Maintain comprehensive audit logs"
pci_dss_compliance:
- cardholder_data_monitoring: "Monitor access to cardholder data environment"
- network_monitoring: "Monitor network traffic to/from CDE"
- log_review: "Regular review of security logs"
sox_compliance:
- financial_system_monitoring: "Monitor access to financial systems"
- change_monitoring: "Monitor changes to financial applications"
- privileged_access_monitoring: "Monitor privileged user activities"
Audit Evidence Management
- Log Integrity: Cryptographic hashes y digital signatures
- Chain of Custody: Maintain evidence chain para legal proceedings
- Data Retention: Meet regulatory retention requirements
- Access Controls: Restrict access to audit logs y evidence
📝 Documentation y Reporting
Compliance Reporting
- Automated Reports: Generate compliance reports automatically
- Evidence Collection: Collect evidence for audit purposes
- Gap Analysis: Identify y address compliance gaps
- Remediation Tracking: Track remediation de compliance issues
🔄 Mejora Continua
📅 Review y Optimization Cycles
Operational Reviews
- Daily: SOC performance metrics y operational issues
- Weekly: Detection rule effectiveness y false positive analysis
- Monthly: Overall program performance y strategic adjustments
- Quarterly: Technology evaluation y strategic planning
Strategic Evolution
Program_Evolution:
2025_objectives:
- ai_enhancement: "Implement AI/ML for advanced threat detection"
- cloud_integration: "Full integration with multi-cloud environments"
- automation_expansion: "Automate 70% of routine SOC tasks"
- threat_hunting: "Implement proactive threat hunting program"
2026_vision:
- predictive_security: "Predictive analytics for threat prevention"
- autonomous_response: "Automated incident response capabilities"
- zero_trust_monitoring: "Comprehensive zero trust monitoring"
- business_integration: "Deep integration with business processes"
2027_evolution:
- quantum_readiness: "Prepare for quantum computing threats"
- iot_security: "Comprehensive IoT security monitoring"
- edge_computing: "Extend monitoring to edge environments"
- business_value_focus: "Security monitoring as business enabler"
🎯 Innovation Initiatives
Emerging Technologies
- Quantum Computing: Prepare para quantum threats y opportunities
- 5G Security: Monitor 5G network security implications
- Edge Computing: Extend monitoring to edge y fog computing
- Blockchain: Leverage blockchain para log integrity
Research Areas
- Behavioral Analytics: Advanced user y entity behavior analytics
- Threat Intelligence: Enhanced threat intelligence integration
- Deception Technology: Honeypots y deception-based detection
- Privacy-Preserving Analytics: Monitor while protecting privacy
📚 Referencias y Estándares
📖 Documentos Relacionados
- Política de Gestión de Incidentes
- Plan de Respuesta a Incidentes
- Correlación de Eventos SIEM
- Política de Gestión de Vulnerabilidades
- Matriz de Riesgos de Ciberseguridad
🌐 Marcos de Referencia
- NIST Cybersecurity Framework: Detect function implementation
- MITRE ATT&CK: Threat detection y response methodology
- ISO/IEC 27035: Information security incident management
- SANS Top 20: Critical security controls implementation
🔗 Recursos Profesionales
- SANS Institute: Security monitoring y incident response training
- NIST SP 800-92: Guide to Computer Security Log Management
- OWASP Logging Cheat Sheet: Secure logging practices
- CIS Controls: Implementation guide para security monitoring
📝 Control de Versiones
Versión | Fecha | Cambios | Autor |
---|---|---|---|
1.0.0 | Enero 2025 | Versión inicial - Política completa de monitoreo de eventos de seguridad | SOC Team + Security Architecture |
Próxima Revisión: Julio 2025
Aprobado por: [CISO] - [Fecha]
Clasificación: Confidencial - Uso Interno DivisionCero
¿Te ha resultado útil esta página?
Última modificación: 25 de agosto de 2025