DivisionCero

Política de Monitoreo de Eventos de Seguridad

Directrices para la supervisión de eventos en los sistemas.

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📋 Información General

Documento: Política de Monitoreo de Eventos de Seguridad
Código: ADR-POL-004
Versión: 1.0.0
Fecha: Enero 2025
Clasificación: Confidencial
Audiencia: Equipos SOC, Security Team, Infrastructure, Development y Compliance de DivisionCero

🎯 Propósito

Establecer un marco integral para la supervisión continua, detección, análisis y respuesta a eventos de seguridad en todos los sistemas y servicios de DivisionCero, garantizando la identificación oportuna de amenazas, anomalías y incidentes de seguridad para proteger los activos críticos de la organización.

🏢 Alcance

Esta política aplica a:

  • Todos los Sistemas: Servidores, aplicaciones, bases de datos, dispositivos de red
  • Infraestructura Cloud: AWS, Azure, GCP y servicios multi-cloud
  • Endpoints: Workstations, laptops, dispositivos móviles, IoT devices
  • Servicios de Terceros: SaaS applications, cloud services, managed services
  • Redes: Internal networks, external connections, VPN, WiFi
  • Aplicaciones: Custom applications, COTS software, web applications
  • Datos en Tránsito y Reposo: All data flows y storage systems

📚 Definiciones

  • Evento de Seguridad: Ocurrencia identificable en un sistema o red que puede tener relevancia para la seguridad
  • Incidente de Seguridad: Evento confirmado que compromete la seguridad de la información
  • SIEM: Security Information and Event Management - sistema centralizado de gestión de eventos
  • SOC: Security Operations Center - centro de operaciones de seguridad
  • IoC: Indicators of Compromise - indicadores de compromiso
  • UEBA: User and Entity Behavior Analytics - análisis de comportamiento de usuarios y entidades
  • Threat Hunting: Búsqueda proactiva de amenazas avanzadas

🛡️ Arquitectura de Monitoreo

📊 Stack de Monitoreo de Seguridad

graph TB
    A[Data Sources] --> B[Collection Layer]
    B --> C[SIEM Platform]
    C --> D[Analytics Engine]
    D --> E[Detection Rules]
    E --> F{Alert Classification}
    F --> G[SOC Dashboard]
    F --> H[Automated Response]
    F --> I[Incident Response]
    
    subgraph "Data Sources"
        J[Network Devices]
        K[Servers & Applications]
        L[Cloud Services]
        M[Endpoints]
        N[Security Tools]
    end
    
    subgraph "Analytics"
        O[Rule-based Detection]
        P[ML/AI Analytics]
        Q[Threat Intelligence]
        R[Behavioral Analysis]
    end
    
    A --> J
    A --> K
    A --> L
    A --> M
    A --> N
    
    D --> O
    D --> P
    D --> Q
    D --> R

🔧 Componentes Principales

SIEM Platform (Core)

  • Splunk Enterprise Security: SIEM platform principal
  • Microsoft Sentinel: Cloud-native SIEM para Azure workloads
  • IBM QRadar: Complementary SIEM para advanced analytics
  • Elastic Security: Open source SIEM y search capabilities

Data Collection & Processing

Data_Collection_Layer:
  log_collectors:
    - splunk_universal_forwarders: "Agent-based collection"
    - beats_family: "Filebeat, Metricbeat, Packetbeat"
    - fluentd: "Unified logging layer"
    - aws_cloudtrail: "AWS API call logging"
  
  network_monitoring:
    - zeek: "Network traffic analysis"
    - suricata: "Network IDS/IPS"
    - ntopng: "Network traffic monitoring"
    - wireshark: "Packet analysis tool"
  
  endpoint_monitoring:
    - crowdstrike_falcon: "EDR platform"
    - microsoft_defender: "Windows endpoint protection"
    - osquery: "Cross-platform endpoint monitoring"
    - carbon_black: "Endpoint detection and response"

Analytics y Detection Engines

  • Machine Learning: Unsupervised learning para anomaly detection
  • Threat Intelligence: Integration con commercial y open source feeds
  • User Behavior Analytics: Behavioral analysis para insider threats
  • Network Traffic Analysis: Deep packet inspection y traffic analysis

🔍 Fuentes de Datos

📡 Categorización de Fuentes de Datos

Network Infrastructure

Network_Data_Sources:
  firewalls:
    - checkpoint_logs: "Firewall allow/deny decisions"
    - palo_alto_logs: "Application-aware firewall logs"
    - fortinet_logs: "UTM security events"
    - aws_waf_logs: "Web application firewall events"
  
  network_devices:
    - switch_logs: "Port security and VLAN events"
    - router_logs: "Routing and access control events"
    - wireless_logs: "WiFi association and authentication"
    - load_balancer_logs: "Traffic distribution and health checks"
  
  network_monitoring:
    - flow_data: "NetFlow/sFlow traffic patterns"
    - dns_logs: "DNS query and response logging"
    - dhcp_logs: "IP address assignment tracking"
    - vpn_logs: "Remote access connection events"

Server y Application Infrastructure

  • Operating System Logs: Windows Event Logs, Syslog, system calls
  • Application Logs: Custom application events, error logs, access logs
  • Database Logs: SQL queries, login attempts, data access patterns
  • Web Server Logs: Apache/Nginx access y error logs, HTTP transactions
  • Authentication Systems: Active Directory, LDAP, SSO authentication events

Cloud Platform Integration

Cloud_Security_Monitoring:
  aws_integration:
    - cloudtrail: "API call auditing and compliance"
    - guardduty: "Threat detection service"
    - config: "Configuration compliance monitoring"
    - vpc_flow_logs: "Network traffic within VPC"
  
  azure_integration:
    - azure_monitor: "Platform metrics and logs"
    - azure_sentinel: "Cloud-native SIEM"
    - azure_security_center: "Security posture management"
    - azure_ad_logs: "Identity and access events"
  
  gcp_integration:
    - cloud_logging: "Centralized logging service"
    - cloud_security_scanner: "Web application vulnerability scanning"
    - cloud_asset_inventory: "Asset discovery and monitoring"

Endpoint y User Activity

  • Endpoint Detection: Process execution, file changes, network connections
  • User Activity: Login events, privilege escalation, data access
  • Email Security: Email gateway logs, phishing attempts, malware detection
  • Browser Activity: Web proxy logs, URL filtering, download tracking

🚨 Detection y Alerting

🔍 Detection Methodologies

Signature-based Detection

Signature_Detection:
  known_malware:
    - hash_matching: "MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256 file hashes"
    - yara_rules: "Pattern matching for malware families"
    - ioc_matching: "Known indicators of compromise"
  
  attack_patterns:
    - snort_rules: "Network intrusion signatures"
    - sigma_rules: "Generic signature format for SIEM"
    - mitre_attack_mapping: "TTPs from MITRE ATT&CK framework"

Anomaly-based Detection

  • Statistical Analysis: Baseline behavior y statistical deviations
  • Machine Learning: Unsupervised learning para unknown threats
  • Time Series Analysis: Temporal patterns y seasonal variations
  • Peer Group Analysis: Comparison con similar entities

Behavioral Analysis

Behavioral_Analytics:
  user_behavior:
    - authentication_patterns: "Login times, locations, methods"
    - data_access_patterns: "File access, database queries"
    - privilege_usage: "Administrative actions, role changes"
    - communication_patterns: "Email, messaging, collaboration"
  
  entity_behavior:
    - network_communication: "Unusual network connections"
    - system_resource_usage: "CPU, memory, disk patterns"
    - application_usage: "Software execution patterns"
    - data_movement: "Large or unusual data transfers"

🎯 Alert Classification

Severity Levels

LevelCriteriaResponse TimeExamples
CriticalConfirmed breach or active attack≤ 15 minutesActive malware, data exfiltration
HighHigh probability of security incident≤ 1 hourMultiple failed logins, privilege escalation
MediumPotential security concern≤ 4 hoursPolicy violations, configuration changes
LowInformational or minor concern≤ 24 hoursAudit events, routine activities

Alert Enrichment Process

flowchart TD
    A[Raw Alert] --> B[Context Enrichment]
    B --> C[Threat Intelligence]
    C --> D[Asset Context]
    D --> E[User Context]
    E --> F[Historical Analysis]
    F --> G{Risk Score Calculation}
    G --> H[Priority Assignment]
    H --> I[SOC Dashboard]
    H --> J[Automated Response]
    H --> K[Manual Investigation]

📊 Use Cases de Detección

Authentication y Access Control

  • Failed Login Attempts: Multiple failed authentication attempts
  • Privileged Account Usage: Administrative account activities
  • After-Hours Access: Access outside normal business hours
  • Geographic Anomalies: Access from unusual locations
  • Account Lockouts: Excessive account lockout events

Network Security

  • Lateral Movement: Unusual internal network traffic patterns
  • Data Exfiltration: Large outbound data transfers
  • Command and Control: C2 communication patterns
  • Port Scanning: Network reconnaissance activities
  • DNS Anomalies: Suspicious DNS queries y resolutions

Malware y Threats

  • Malware Execution: Known malicious file execution
  • Suspicious Process Behavior: Unusual process activities
  • File System Changes: Unauthorized file modifications
  • Registry Changes: Windows registry modifications
  • Persistence Mechanisms: Attempts to maintain access

👥 Roles y Responsabilidades

🏢 Security Operations Center (SOC)

SOC Analyst Level 1

  • Responsibilities:
    • Monitor security dashboards 24/7
    • Perform initial triage de security alerts
    • Document initial findings y observations
    • Escalate confirmed incidents to Level 2
  • Shift Coverage: 24/7/365 coverage con handoff procedures
  • Training Requirements: Security+ certification, SOC analyst training

SOC Analyst Level 2

  • Responsibilities:
    • Investigate escalated security alerts
    • Perform detailed analysis y correlation
    • Coordinate con incident response team
    • Develop y tune detection rules
  • Expertise Areas: Malware analysis, forensics, threat hunting
  • Escalation Authority: Can escalate to Level 3 o incident response

SOC Manager

  • Responsibilities:
    • Oversee daily SOC operations
    • Manage analyst workload y shift schedules
    • Report security metrics to CISO
    • Coordinate con other security teams
  • Strategic Focus: SOC process improvement, team development

🔧 Technical Support Roles

Security Engineer

  • SIEM Administration: Platform maintenance, rule development, integration
  • Tool Integration: Connect new data sources, API integrations
  • Performance Optimization: Query optimization, resource management
  • Automation Development: SOAR playbook development

Threat Intelligence Analyst

  • Intelligence Collection: Gather threat intelligence de multiple sources
  • IOC Development: Create y maintain indicators of compromise
  • Threat Landscape Analysis: Analysis de current threat trends
  • Strategic Reporting: Executive threat briefings

🎯 Governance y Oversight

Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)

  • Define security monitoring strategy y priorities
  • Approve security monitoring policies y procedures
  • Review security metrics y performance reports
  • Coordinate con executive team sobre security posture

Security Architect

  • Design overall security monitoring architecture
  • Define integration requirements con existing systems
  • Establish security monitoring standards y baselines
  • Evaluate new security monitoring technologies

📊 Métricas y Reporting

🎯 Key Performance Indicators

Operational Metrics

  • Alert Volume: Number of alerts generated per day/week/month
  • Mean Time to Detection (MTTD): Average time to detect security incidents
  • Mean Time to Response (MTTR): Average time to respond to confirmed incidents
  • False Positive Rate: Percentage of alerts that are false positives
  • Coverage Metrics: Percentage of assets covered by monitoring

Quality Metrics

Quality_Metrics:
  detection_effectiveness:
    - true_positive_rate: "Percentage of actual threats detected"
    - alert_accuracy: "Percentage of actionable alerts"
    - escalation_accuracy: "Percentage of properly escalated incidents"
  
  response_quality:
    - incident_containment_time: "Time to contain security incidents"
    - investigation_completeness: "Thoroughness of security investigations"
    - documentation_quality: "Quality of incident documentation"

Business Impact Metrics

  • Security Incident Cost: Financial impact of security incidents
  • Compliance Metrics: Adherence to regulatory monitoring requirements
  • Risk Reduction: Quantified risk reduction through monitoring
  • Business Continuity: Uptime y availability metrics

📈 Dashboard y Visualization

Real-time SOC Dashboard

pie title Alert Distribution by Severity (Last 24 Hours)
    "Critical" : 3
    "High" : 12
    "Medium" : 45
    "Low" : 140

Executive Security Dashboard

  • Security Posture Overview: High-level security status
  • Threat Landscape: Current threats targeting organization
  • Incident Trends: Historical incident patterns y trends
  • Compliance Status: Regulatory compliance monitoring status

📋 Reporting Structure

Daily Reports

  • SOC shift report con key events y activities
  • Critical alert summary para management review
  • System performance y availability metrics
  • Threat intelligence updates y advisories

Weekly Reports

  • Security incident summary y trend analysis
  • Alert tuning y false positive reduction efforts
  • New detection rule deployment y effectiveness
  • Training y professional development updates

Monthly Reports

  • Comprehensive security posture assessment
  • ROI analysis de security monitoring investments
  • Compliance reporting para regulatory requirements
  • Strategic recommendations para program improvement

🔧 Herramientas y Tecnologías

🛠️ SIEM y Analytics Platform

Primary SIEM Stack

SIEM_Architecture:
  core_platform:
    - splunk_enterprise_security: "Primary SIEM platform"
    - data_ingestion_rate: "10TB per day capacity"
    - retention_period: "Hot data: 90 days, Warm data: 1 year, Cold data: 7 years"
    - high_availability: "Active-active cluster configuration"
  
  cloud_siem:
    - microsoft_sentinel: "Azure-native SIEM"
    - aws_security_hub: "AWS security findings aggregation"
    - google_security_command_center: "GCP security insights"
  
  specialized_analytics:
    - ueba_platform: "Exabeam for user behavior analytics"
    - network_traffic_analysis: "Darktrace for AI-powered detection"
    - threat_intelligence: "Recorded Future, Mandiant Threat Intelligence"

Integration Framework

  • API Integrations: REST APIs para custom integrations
  • Standard Protocols: Syslog, SNMP, WMI, HTTP/HTTPS
  • Cloud Connectors: Native cloud service integrations
  • Database Connections: Direct database query capabilities

📡 Data Collection Infrastructure

Log Management

  • Centralized Logging: Rsyslog, Fluentd, Logstash infrastructure
  • Log Parsing: Structured y unstructured log parsing
  • Data Normalization: Common information model implementation
  • Compression y Archival: Efficient storage y retrieval

Network Monitoring

Network_Monitoring_Stack:
  traffic_analysis:
    - zeek_sensors: "Network traffic analysis at key network points"
    - suricata_ids: "Intrusion detection system deployment"
    - ntopng_monitoring: "Real-time network traffic monitoring"
  
  packet_capture:
    - full_packet_capture: "Strategic packet capture points"
    - forensic_analysis: "Packet analysis capabilities for investigations"
    - bandwidth_management: "Intelligent capture y storage optimization"

🤖 Automation y Orchestration

SOAR Platform Integration

  • Phantom/Splunk SOAR: Primary security orchestration platform
  • Automated Playbooks: Incident response automation
  • Case Management: Integrated case tracking y management
  • Reporting Automation: Automated report generation y distribution

Machine Learning y AI

  • Anomaly Detection: Unsupervised learning models
  • Predictive Analytics: Threat prediction y forecasting
  • Natural Language Processing: Automated analysis de unstructured data
  • Computer Vision: Analysis de security-related images y videos

🏆 Mejores Prácticas

🔒 Monitoring Excellence

Data Quality Management

  • Data Validation: Ensure completeness y accuracy de log data
  • Timestamp Synchronization: Consistent time synchronization across all sources
  • Data Retention: Appropriate retention periods for compliance y forensics
  • Data Privacy: Protect sensitive information in logs

Detection Rule Management

  • Rule Lifecycle Management: Development, testing, deployment, tuning
  • False Positive Reduction: Continuous tuning to reduce noise
  • Threat Intelligence Integration: Keep detection rules updated con latest threats
  • Performance Optimization: Optimize rules para system performance

📚 Operational Excellence

SOC Operations

  • Shift Management: Effective shift handoffs y communication
  • Skill Development: Continuous training y certification programs
  • Knowledge Management: Centralized knowledge base y documentation
  • Quality Assurance: Regular quality reviews y improvements

Incident Response Integration

  • Seamless Handoff: Smooth transition from monitoring to incident response
  • Evidence Preservation: Maintain chain of custody para forensic evidence
  • Communication Protocols: Clear communication during incidents
  • Lessons Learned: Incorporate lessons learned into monitoring improvements

🤖 Technology Excellence

Platform Optimization

  • Performance Tuning: Regular performance optimization y capacity planning
  • Scalability Planning: Plan for growth in data volume y complexity
  • High Availability: Ensure monitoring platform availability y resilience
  • Disaster Recovery: Backup y recovery procedures para monitoring infrastructure

Innovation y Evolution

  • Emerging Technologies: Evaluate y adopt new security monitoring technologies
  • Cloud Security: Adapt monitoring para cloud y hybrid environments
  • IoT Security: Extend monitoring to IoT y edge devices
  • Zero Trust: Implement monitoring para zero trust architecture

📋 Compliance y Auditoría

🔍 Regulatory Requirements

Compliance Frameworks

Compliance_Requirements:
  gdpr_compliance:
    - personal_data_monitoring: "Monitor access to personal data"
    - breach_detection: "Detect potential data breaches within 72 hours"
    - audit_logging: "Maintain comprehensive audit logs"
  
  pci_dss_compliance:
    - cardholder_data_monitoring: "Monitor access to cardholder data environment"
    - network_monitoring: "Monitor network traffic to/from CDE"
    - log_review: "Regular review of security logs"
  
  sox_compliance:
    - financial_system_monitoring: "Monitor access to financial systems"
    - change_monitoring: "Monitor changes to financial applications"
    - privileged_access_monitoring: "Monitor privileged user activities"

Audit Evidence Management

  • Log Integrity: Cryptographic hashes y digital signatures
  • Chain of Custody: Maintain evidence chain para legal proceedings
  • Data Retention: Meet regulatory retention requirements
  • Access Controls: Restrict access to audit logs y evidence

📝 Documentation y Reporting

Compliance Reporting

  • Automated Reports: Generate compliance reports automatically
  • Evidence Collection: Collect evidence for audit purposes
  • Gap Analysis: Identify y address compliance gaps
  • Remediation Tracking: Track remediation de compliance issues

🔄 Mejora Continua

📅 Review y Optimization Cycles

Operational Reviews

  • Daily: SOC performance metrics y operational issues
  • Weekly: Detection rule effectiveness y false positive analysis
  • Monthly: Overall program performance y strategic adjustments
  • Quarterly: Technology evaluation y strategic planning

Strategic Evolution

Program_Evolution:
  2025_objectives:
    - ai_enhancement: "Implement AI/ML for advanced threat detection"
    - cloud_integration: "Full integration with multi-cloud environments"
    - automation_expansion: "Automate 70% of routine SOC tasks"
    - threat_hunting: "Implement proactive threat hunting program"
  
  2026_vision:
    - predictive_security: "Predictive analytics for threat prevention"
    - autonomous_response: "Automated incident response capabilities"
    - zero_trust_monitoring: "Comprehensive zero trust monitoring"
    - business_integration: "Deep integration with business processes"
  
  2027_evolution:
    - quantum_readiness: "Prepare for quantum computing threats"
    - iot_security: "Comprehensive IoT security monitoring"
    - edge_computing: "Extend monitoring to edge environments"
    - business_value_focus: "Security monitoring as business enabler"

🎯 Innovation Initiatives

Emerging Technologies

  • Quantum Computing: Prepare para quantum threats y opportunities
  • 5G Security: Monitor 5G network security implications
  • Edge Computing: Extend monitoring to edge y fog computing
  • Blockchain: Leverage blockchain para log integrity

Research Areas

  • Behavioral Analytics: Advanced user y entity behavior analytics
  • Threat Intelligence: Enhanced threat intelligence integration
  • Deception Technology: Honeypots y deception-based detection
  • Privacy-Preserving Analytics: Monitor while protecting privacy

📚 Referencias y Estándares

📖 Documentos Relacionados

🌐 Marcos de Referencia

  • NIST Cybersecurity Framework: Detect function implementation
  • MITRE ATT&CK: Threat detection y response methodology
  • ISO/IEC 27035: Information security incident management
  • SANS Top 20: Critical security controls implementation

🔗 Recursos Profesionales

  • SANS Institute: Security monitoring y incident response training
  • NIST SP 800-92: Guide to Computer Security Log Management
  • OWASP Logging Cheat Sheet: Secure logging practices
  • CIS Controls: Implementation guide para security monitoring

📝 Control de Versiones

VersiónFechaCambiosAutor
1.0.0Enero 2025Versión inicial - Política completa de monitoreo de eventos de seguridadSOC Team + Security Architecture

Próxima Revisión: Julio 2025
Aprobado por: [CISO] - [Fecha]
Clasificación: Confidencial - Uso Interno DivisionCero

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Última modificación: 25 de agosto de 2025

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📋 Información General🎯 Propósito🏢 Alcance📚 Definiciones🛡️ Arquitectura de Monitoreo📊 Stack de Monitoreo de Seguridad🔧 Componentes PrincipalesSIEM Platform (Core)Data Collection & ProcessingAnalytics y Detection Engines🔍 Fuentes de Datos📡 Categorización de Fuentes de DatosNetwork InfrastructureServer y Application InfrastructureCloud Platform IntegrationEndpoint y User Activity🚨 Detection y Alerting🔍 Detection MethodologiesSignature-based DetectionAnomaly-based DetectionBehavioral Analysis🎯 Alert ClassificationSeverity LevelsAlert Enrichment Process📊 Use Cases de DetecciónAuthentication y Access ControlNetwork SecurityMalware y Threats👥 Roles y Responsabilidades🏢 Security Operations Center (SOC)SOC Analyst Level 1SOC Analyst Level 2SOC Manager🔧 Technical Support RolesSecurity EngineerThreat Intelligence Analyst🎯 Governance y OversightChief Information Security Officer (CISO)Security Architect📊 Métricas y Reporting🎯 Key Performance IndicatorsOperational MetricsQuality MetricsBusiness Impact Metrics📈 Dashboard y VisualizationReal-time SOC DashboardExecutive Security Dashboard📋 Reporting StructureDaily ReportsWeekly ReportsMonthly Reports🔧 Herramientas y Tecnologías🛠️ SIEM y Analytics PlatformPrimary SIEM StackIntegration Framework📡 Data Collection InfrastructureLog ManagementNetwork Monitoring🤖 Automation y OrchestrationSOAR Platform IntegrationMachine Learning y AI🏆 Mejores Prácticas🔒 Monitoring ExcellenceData Quality ManagementDetection Rule Management📚 Operational ExcellenceSOC OperationsIncident Response Integration🤖 Technology ExcellencePlatform OptimizationInnovation y Evolution📋 Compliance y Auditoría🔍 Regulatory RequirementsCompliance FrameworksAudit Evidence Management📝 Documentation y ReportingCompliance Reporting🔄 Mejora Continua📅 Review y Optimization CyclesOperational ReviewsStrategic Evolution🎯 Innovation InitiativesEmerging TechnologiesResearch Areas📚 Referencias y Estándares📖 Documentos Relacionados🌐 Marcos de Referencia🔗 Recursos Profesionales📝 Control de Versiones