Escaneo Continuo de Vulnerabilidades

graph TB
    A[Asset Discovery] --> B[Vulnerability Scanning]
    B --> C[Risk Assessment]
    C --> D[Prioritization]
    D --> E[Remediation]
    E --> F[Verification]
    F --> B
    
    G[Threat Intelligence] --> C
    H[Compliance Requirements] --> D
    I[Business Context] --> D
    
    subgraph "Scan Types"
        B1[Network Scanning]
        B2[Web App Scanning]
        B3[Database Scanning]
        B4[Cloud Config Scanning]
        B5[Container Scanning]
    end
    
    B --> B1
    B --> B2
    B --> B3
    B --> B4
    B --> B5

Specialized_Tools:
  Web_Applications:
    - OWASP ZAP
    - Burp Suite Professional
    - Acunetix
    - Checkmarx SAST
  
  Cloud_Security:
    - AWS Inspector
    - Azure Security Center
    - Google Security Command Center
    - Prowler (Multi-cloud)
  
  Container_Security:
    - Twistlock/Prisma Cloud
    - Aqua Security
    - Clair (Open Source)
    - Trivy
  
  Database_Security:
    - IBM Guardium
    - Imperva SecureSphere
    - DBProtect

Discovery_Process:
  Network_Discovery:
    - techniques: ["ping_sweep", "port_scan", "service_detection"]
    - tools: ["nmap", "masscan", "zmap"]
    - frequency: "daily"
    - scope: "all_network_segments"
  
  Cloud_Discovery:
    - aws: ["ec2_instances", "rds_databases", "s3_buckets", "lambda_functions"]
    - azure: ["virtual_machines", "storage_accounts", "app_services"]
    - gcp: ["compute_instances", "cloud_sql", "cloud_storage"]
    - frequency: "hourly"
  
  Application_Discovery:
    - web_crawling: true
    - api_enumeration: true
    - subdomain_discovery: true
    - technology_stack_identification: true

flowchart TD
    A[Authenticated Scan] --> B{Credentials Available?}
    B -->|Yes| C[Deep System Scan]
    B -->|No| D[Unauthenticated Scan]
    
    C --> E[OS Vulnerabilities]
    C --> F[Installed Software]
    C --> G[Configuration Issues]
    
    D --> H[External Services]
    D --> I[Open Ports]
    D --> J[Service Banners]
    
    E --> K[CVSS Scoring]
    F --> K
    G --> K
    H --> K
    I --> K
    J --> K
    
    K --> L[Risk Prioritization]

WebApp_Scanning:
  OWASP_Top10_Coverage:
    - injection_attacks: ["sql_injection", "nosql_injection", "ldap_injection"]
    - broken_authentication: ["session_management", "credential_stuffing"]
    - sensitive_data_exposure: ["ssl_configuration", "data_transmission"]
    - xml_external_entities: ["xxe_attacks", "xml_parsing"]
    - broken_access_control: ["privilege_escalation", "idor"]
    - security_misconfiguration: ["default_credentials", "verbose_errors"]
    - cross_site_scripting: ["stored_xss", "reflected_xss", "dom_xss"]
    - insecure_deserialization: ["object_injection", "deserialization_attacks"]
    - known_vulnerabilities: ["outdated_components", "cve_matching"]
    - insufficient_logging: ["audit_trail", "monitoring_gaps"]

{
  "cloud_security_checks": {
    "aws": {
      "s3_buckets": ["public_access", "encryption", "versioning", "logging"],
      "ec2_instances": ["security_groups", "patches", "encryption", "monitoring"],
      "iam": ["policies", "roles", "users", "mfa_enforcement"],
      "vpc": ["flow_logs", "nacls", "security_groups", "routing"]
    },
    "azure": {
      "storage_accounts": ["public_access", "encryption", "backup", "monitoring"],
      "virtual_machines": ["nsg_rules", "disk_encryption", "updates", "monitoring"],
      "active_directory": ["conditional_access", "mfa", "privileged_accounts"],
      "key_vault": ["access_policies", "soft_delete", "purge_protection"]
    }
  }
}

Prioritization_Factors:
  technical_factors:
    - cvss_score: 40%
    - exploitability: 20%
    - asset_criticality: 15%
    - exposure_level: 15%
  
  business_factors:
    - data_sensitivity: 30%
    - business_criticality: 25%
    - compliance_impact: 25%
    - customer_impact: 20%
  
  threat_landscape:
    - active_exploits: "high_priority"
    - threat_intelligence: "medium_priority"
    - attack_trends: "low_priority"

graph LR
    A[Vulnerability Scanners] --> B[Central VM Platform]
    B --> C[Risk Analytics Engine]
    C --> D[Remediation Workflow]
    D --> E[Verification System]
    E --> A
    
    F[Threat Intelligence] --> C
    G[Asset Management] --> B
    H[CMDB] --> D
    I[SIEM Integration] --> B

Enterprise_Tools:
  Network_Scanning:
    primary: "Nessus Professional"
    secondary: "OpenVAS"
    specialized: ["nmap", "masscan", "zmap"]
  
  Web_Application:
    dynamic: ["OWASP ZAP", "Burp Suite Pro", "Acunetix"]
    static: ["SonarQube", "Checkmarx", "Veracode"]
    interactive: ["Contrast Security", "Seeker"]
  
  Cloud_Security:
    aws: ["AWS Inspector", "Prowler", "Scout Suite"]
    azure: ["Azure Security Center", "CloudSploit"]
    gcp: ["Google Security Scanner", "Forseti Security"]
    multi_cloud: ["Dome9", "CloudCheckr", "Evident.io"]
  
  Container_Security:
    runtime: ["Twistlock", "Aqua Security", "Sysdig Secure"]
    static: ["Clair", "Anchore", "Trivy"]
    registry: ["Docker Security Scanning", "Quay Security"]

Pipeline_Integration:
  pre_commit:
    - static_analysis: ["SonarQube", "ESLint Security"]
    - dependency_check: ["OWASP Dependency Check", "Snyk"]
    - secrets_detection: ["GitLeaks", "TruffleHog"]
  
  build_stage:
    - container_scanning: ["Trivy", "Clair"]
    - infrastructure_as_code: ["Checkov", "Terrascan"]
    - compliance_checks: ["InSpec", "Chef Compliance"]
  
  deployment_stage:
    - dynamic_scanning: ["OWASP ZAP", "Nuclei"]
    - penetration_testing: ["Metasploit", "custom_scripts"]
    - configuration_validation: ["Nessus", "OpenVAS"]

pie title Distribución de Vulnerabilidades por Severidad
    "Critical" : 5
    "High" : 15
    "Medium" : 45
    "Low" : 35

flowchart TD
    A[Vulnerability Detected] --> B{Risk Assessment}
    B -->|Critical/High| C[Immediate Action Required]
    B -->|Medium| D[Standard Remediation]
    B -->|Low| E[Planned Remediation]
    
    C --> F[Emergency Change Process]
    D --> G[Normal Change Process]
    E --> H[Maintenance Window]
    
    F --> I[Implement Fix]
    G --> I
    H --> I
    
    I --> J[Verification Scan]
    J --> K{Fix Verified?}
    K -->|Yes| L[Close Ticket]
    K -->|No| M[Escalate/Retry]
    M --> I

Compensating_Controls:
  network_level:
    - firewall_rules: "Block vulnerable service access"
    - network_segmentation: "Isolate vulnerable systems"
    - ids_ips: "Monitor for exploit attempts"
  
  application_level:
    - web_application_firewall: "Filter malicious requests"
    - api_gateway: "Rate limiting and validation"
    - authentication: "Additional authentication factors"
  
  operational_level:
    - monitoring: "Enhanced logging and alerting"
    - access_control: "Restricted administrative access"
    - incident_response: "Rapid response procedures"

Change_Integration:
  standard_changes:
    - security_patches: "pre_approved_list"
    - configuration_updates: "security_baseline_compliance"
    - vulnerability_fixes: "expedited_approval_process"
  
  emergency_changes:
    - zero_day_exploits: "immediate_implementation_authority"
    - active_attacks: "security_team_authorization"
    - critical_infrastructure: "ciso_approval_required"

Responsibilities:
  vulnerability_manager:
    - program_strategy: "Define scanning strategy and priorities"
    - metrics_reporting: "Executive and operational reporting"
    - tool_management: "Evaluate and manage scanning tools"
    - process_improvement: "Continuous optimization"
  
  security_analysts:
    - vulnerability_triage: "Initial assessment and classification"
    - false_positive_analysis: "Validate scan results"
    - threat_contextualization: "Apply threat intelligence"
    - remediation_guidance: "Technical recommendations"
  
  system_owners:
    - remediation_execution: "Implement security fixes"
    - system_maintenance: "Keep systems updated and secure"
    - exception_requests: "Request risk acceptance when needed"
    - compliance_reporting: "Report on remediation status"

Compliance_Reports:
  iso_27001:
    - control_a12_6_1: "Vulnerability management"
    - control_a14_2_3: "Application security testing"
    - evidence: ["scan_reports", "remediation_tracking", "metrics"]
  
  pci_dss:
    - requirement_11_2: "Quarterly vulnerability scans"
    - requirement_11_3: "Penetration testing"
    - evidence: ["asv_reports", "internal_scans", "pen_test_reports"]
  
  nist_csf:
    - identify_ra: "Risk assessment processes"
    - detect_cm: "Continuous monitoring"
    - evidence: ["vulnerability_assessments", "risk_registers"]

Program_Evolution:
  2025_goals:
    - ai_assisted_prioritization: "Machine learning para priorización"
    - automated_remediation: "Parches automáticos para sistemas no críticos"
    - cloud_native_scanning: "Integración completa multi-cloud"
    - threat_hunting_integration: "Hunting proactivo basado en vulns"
  
  2026_vision:
    - predictive_analytics: "Predicción de vulnerabilidades emergentes"
    - zero_touch_remediation: "Remediación completamente automatizada"
    - continuous_compliance: "Compliance en tiempo real"
    - business_risk_alignment: "Métricas alineadas a objetivos de negocio"